Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Glomeruli are the filters within the kidneys that rid the body of harmful substances. When the glomeruli become damaged or scarred, the filtering process within the kidneys does not function properly, causing a condition known as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The exact cause of FSGS is unknown, however, it may be caused by an infection. Without treatment, FSGS may lead to loss of kidney function or kidney failure.
Causes of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
While some cases of FSGS occur without a specific cause, it may develop as a result of an infection or an autoimmune disease. Additional causes may include:
- Certain medications
- Sickle cell disease
- Diabetes
- Lupus
- Obesity
- Genetic disorder
Chronic drug use, including the use of heroin, bisphonsphonates or anabolic steroids may also cause FSGS.
Symptoms of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
The symptoms of FSGS may include:
- Protein in the urine
- Foamy urine
- Weight gain
- Poor appetite
As a result of FSGS, edema, or swelling in various parts of the body, especially the hands or ankles, may occur.
Diagnosis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
FSGS is diagnosed through a physical examination and urine is tested for protein levels and red blood cell counts. Additional diagnostic tests may include:
- Blood tests
- Kidney function tests
- Kidney biopsy
If any of the tests indicate kidney damage, an ultrasound or an X-ray may be performed to view the shape and size of the kidneys and to detect any abnormalities.
Treatment of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Treatment for FSGS focuses on controlling symptoms and preventing kidney failure. Conservative methods may include a low-sodium diet to prevent swelling, medication to control blood pressure and diuretics to rid the body of excess fluid. Immunosuppressive medications may also be prescribed. If FSGS is severe and has progressed to chronic kidney failure or end-stage renal disease, treatment methods may include dialysis or a kidney transplant.